What is dandruff?

Dandruff is the term used to describe the shedding of large amounts of flakes of scalp from the scalp. It is really common and nothing to be ashamed of. It is normal for a small amount of dead skin to flake away and is removed either by brushing or shampooing. Dandruff is not a contagious condition, and is not a reflection of personal hygiene. Dandruff is generally found on the scalp but can occur in the eyebrows, eyelashes, face, armpits and groin.

The increase in dead scalp flakes is usually caused by the scalp producing more layers of skin because it is affected by a fungal infection or from seborrhoeic dermatitis. When someone has dandruff caused by a fungal infection, the skin produces more flakes and the scalp is often greasy and itchy. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is related to eczema or psoriasis but affects areas producing sebum, such as the scalp. People with eczema elsewhere on their body may also experience dandruff.

How to treat dandruff

Dandruff is generally worse in the winter months, as it appears to be relieved by exposure to sunlight.

Flaking skin on the scalp should first be treated with antifungal shampoos containing zinc, selenium or a specific antifungal agent called ketoconazole. The shampoo should be applied to the scalp and left in several minutes before rinsing off.

Shampoo containing zinc or selenium can be used daily, but those containing ketoconazole should only be used twice a week. All dandruff treatment should be continued for four weeks after symptoms have cleared, then may be used each week to ensure the symptoms do not recur. Ongoing treatment with shampoo or conditioning preparations that contain tar as an antiseptic may also be helpful.

We are available for support

If you or anyone in your family is bothered by flaking scalp then consult our community pharmacists. They can help with treatment and advice for this common condition. They can help refer you for further treatment if the dandruff becomes severe or appears to be unresponsive to over-the-counter treatment.